pytorch模型中的buffer

这段时间忙于做项目，但是在项目中一直在模型构建中遇到buffer数据，所以花点时间整理下模型中的parameter和buffer数据的区别💕

1.torch.nn.Module.named_buffers(prefix=‘‘, recurse=True)

贴上pytorch官网对其的说明：

官网翻译：

named_buffers(prefix='', recurse=True)
方法: named_buffers(prefix='', recurse=True)Returns an iterator over module buffers, yielding both the name of the buffer as well as the buffer itself.返回一个迭代器,该迭代器能够遍历模块的缓冲buffer,并且迭代返回的结果是缓冲的名字和缓冲本身.Parameters  参数prefix (str) – prefix to prepend to all buffer names.prefix (字符串) – 添加到所有缓冲名字之前的前缀.recurse (bool) – if True, then yields buffers of this module and all submodules. Otherwise, yields only buffers that are direct members of this module.recurse (布尔类型) – 如果该参数是True,那么表示递归地迭代返回,即迭代返回该模块的缓冲以及该模块的所有子模块的缓冲. 默认为TrueYields  迭代返回(string, torch.Tensor) – Tuple containing the name and buffer(字符串,torch.Tensor类型) - 包含缓冲名字和缓冲自身的元组Example:  例子:>>> for name, buf in self.named_buffers():>>>    if name in ['running_var']:>>>        print(buf.size())

总结,缓冲buffer必须要登记注册才会有效,如果仅仅将张量赋值给Module模块的属性,不会被自动转为缓冲buffer.因而也无法被state_dict()、buffers()、named_buffers()访问到.此外state_dict()可以遍历缓冲buffer和参数Parameter.
可以概括为,缓冲buffer和参数Parameter的区别是前者不需要训练优化,而后者需要训练优化.在创建方法上也有区别,前者必须要将一个张量使用方法register_buffer()来登记注册,后者比较灵活,可以直接赋值给模块的属性,也可以使用方法register_parameter()来登记注册.
下面使用代码测试一下buffer数据：

import torch 
import torch.nn as nn
torch.manual_seed(seed=20200910)
class Model(torch.nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(Model,self).__init__()self.conv1=torch.nn.Sequential(  # 输入torch.Size([64, 1, 28, 28])torch.nn.Conv2d(1,64,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),torch.nn.ReLU(),  # 输出torch.Size([64, 64, 28, 28]))self.attribute_buffer_in = torch.randn(3,5)                       # 仅仅赋值给模型属性，是无法访问到该buffer数据register_buffer_in_temp = torch.randn(4,6)               self.register_buffer('register_buffer_in', register_buffer_in_temp)   # 注册buffer数据，才能生效，能获取到数据def forward(self,x): passprint('cuda(GPU)是否可用:',torch.cuda.is_available())
print('torch的版本:',torch.__version__)
model = Model() #.cuda()print('初始化之后模型修改之前'.center(100,"-"))
print('调用named_buffers()'.center(100,"-"))   
for name, buf in model.named_buffers():print(name,'-->',buf.shape)print('调用named_parameters()'.center(100,"-"))
for name, param in model.named_parameters():     # 访问模型的parameter参数数据的名字和其本身print(name,'-->',param.shape)print('调用buffers()'.center(100,"-"))           # 访问模型中的buffer数据本身
for buf in model.buffers():print(buf.shape)print('调用parameters()'.center(100,"-"))        # 访问模型中的parameter数据本身
for param in model.parameters():print(param.shape)print('调用state_dict()'.center(100,"-"))        # 同时获取模型的parameter参数数据、buffer参数数据
for k, v in model.state_dict().items():print(k, '-->', v.shape)model.attribute_buffer_out = torch.randn(10,10)      # 赋值给模型属性
register_buffer_out_temp = torch.randn(15,15)
model.register_buffer('register_buffer_out', register_buffer_out_temp)  # 通过注册的方式，使得模型的buffer成员属性生效
print('模型初始化以及修改之后'.center(100,"-"))
print('调用named_buffers()'.center(100,"-"))         # 修改模型buffer属性之后，访问buffer数据名字和其本身
for name, buf in model.named_buffers():print(name,'-->',buf.shape)print('调用named_parameters()'.center(100,"-"))      # 修改模型buffer属性之后，访问模型parameter数据名字和其本身
for name, param in model.named_parameters():print(name,'-->',param.shape)print('调用buffers()'.center(100,"-"))
for buf in model.buffers():print(buf.shape)print('调用parameters()'.center(100,"-"))
for param in model.parameters():print(param.shape)print('调用state_dict()'.center(100,"-"))
for k, v in model.state_dict().items():print(k, '-->', v.shape)  

输出结果为：

Windows PowerShell
版权所有 (C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。尝试新的跨平台 PowerShell https://aka.ms/pscore6加载个人及系统配置文件用了 840 毫秒。
(base) PS C:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\News4cxq\test4cxq> conda activate ssd4pytorch1_2_0
(ssd4pytorch1_2_0) PS C:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\News4cxq\test4cxq>  & 'D:\Anaconda3\envs\ssd4pytorch1_2_0\python.exe' 'c:\Users\chenxuqi\.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2020.12.424452561\pythonFiles\lib\python\debugpy\launcher' '63490' '--' 'c:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\News4cxq\test4cxq\test2.py'
cuda(GPU)是否可用: True
torch的版本: 1.2.0+cu92
--------------------------------------------初始化之后模型修改之前---------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------调用named_buffers()------------------------------------------
register_buffer_in --> torch.Size([4, 6])                     # 
----------------------------------------调用named_parameters()----------------------------------------
conv1.0.weight --> torch.Size([64, 1, 3, 3])
conv1.0.bias --> torch.Size([64])
--------------------------------------------调用buffers()---------------------------------------------
torch.Size([4, 6])
-------------------------------------------调用parameters()-------------------------------------------
torch.Size([64, 1, 3, 3])
torch.Size([64])
-------------------------------------------调用state_dict()-------------------------------------------
register_buffer_in --> torch.Size([4, 6])
conv1.0.weight --> torch.Size([64, 1, 3, 3])
conv1.0.bias --> torch.Size([64])
--------------------------------------------模型初始化以及修改之后---------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------调用named_buffers()------------------------------------------
register_buffer_in --> torch.Size([4, 6])
register_buffer_out --> torch.Size([15, 15])
----------------------------------------调用named_parameters()----------------------------------------
conv1.0.weight --> torch.Size([64, 1, 3, 3])
conv1.0.bias --> torch.Size([64])
--------------------------------------------调用buffers()---------------------------------------------
torch.Size([4, 6])
torch.Size([15, 15])
-------------------------------------------调用parameters()-------------------------------------------
torch.Size([64, 1, 3, 3])
torch.Size([64])
-------------------------------------------调用state_dict()-------------------------------------------
register_buffer_in --> torch.Size([4, 6])
register_buffer_out --> torch.Size([15, 15])
conv1.0.weight --> torch.Size([64, 1, 3, 3])
conv1.0.bias --> torch.Size([64])
(ssd4pytorch1_2_0) PS C:\Users\chenxuqi\Desktop\News4cxq\test4cxq> 

模型中的buffer和parameter区别

下面使用代码进行说明:
pytorch保存模型参数的一种方式为：

# save
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)# load
model = MyModel(*args, **kwargs)
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH))
model.eval()

可以看到模型保存的是 model.state_dict() 的返回对象。 model.state_dict() 的返回对象是一个 OrderDict ，它以键值对的形式包含模型中需要保存下来的参数，例如:

class MyModule(nn.Module):def __init__(self, input_size, output_size):super(MyModule, self).__init__()self.lin = nn.Linear(input_size, output_size)def forward(self, x):return self.lin(x)module = MyModule(4, 2)
print(module.state_dict())

输出结果:

分析一个parameter和buffer的例子：

class MyModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(MyModel, self).__init__()buffer = torch.randn(2, 3)  # tensorself.register_buffer('my_buffer', buffer)self.param = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(3, 3))  # 模型的成员变量def forward(self, x):# 可以通过 self.param 和 self.my_buffer 访问pass
model = MyModel()
for param in model.parameters():print(param)
print("----------------")
for buffer in model.buffers():print(buffer)
print("----------------")
print(model.state_dict())

输出结果：